journal F cijkl = Formula dos + ? x ijkl + ? y ijkl + ? c ( ? x ijkl ) + ? c ( ? y ijkl )
ijkl and yijkl equal 0. xijkl indicates local-spouse-hypergamy (migrant spouse is more educated than local spouse), and yijkl indicates local-spouse-hypogamy (migrant spouse is less educated than local spouse). Thus, when i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), xijkl equals 1 if k > l and 0 otherwise, yijkl equals 1 if k
Next, i scale ining how the likelihood of hukou intermarriage alter with for every single wife or husband’s education (Gullickson and you can Torche, 2014) https://kissbrides.com/fi/hinge-arvostelu/, and in addition we after that view type inside the sector replace between the two urban centers.
log F cijkl = Picture 2 + ? p = 1 dos ? p you pij + ? q = 1 2 ? q w qij + ? c ? p = step one dos ? p u pij + ? c ? q = step 1 2 ? q w qij
When i equals j (hukou homogamy), both upij and wqij equal 0. upij measures the education effects for migrant spouses to form hukou intermarriages, and wqij measures the education effects for local spouses to form hukou intermarriages. When i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), upij equals 1 if k >p and wqij equals 1 if l > q; when i equals 1 and j equals 0 (local husband and migrant wife), upij equals 1 if l > p and wqij equals 1 if k > q.
Thus, this model estimates separately how migrants’ and locals’ likelihoods of marrying across hukou boundaries change as their educations change. Specifically, ?p and ?q capture how the log-odds of hukou intermarriage change for migrants and locals, respectively, when moving up one level of education from either p or q (e.g., from less than high school to high school). Positive values of ? indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage increase as migrant spouses’ educations increase, and negative values indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage decrease as migrant spouses’ educations increase. ? provides the same information for local spouses. We expect ? to be positive and S to be negative, and we expect n and ? to be less pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen.
Detailed Abilities
Detailed leads to Desk step one tell you hukou area pairings of partners of the town. In Shanghai, on the 47% regarding micro-census have been developed anywhere between two migrants; within the Shenzhen, that commission is actually over 70%. About 38% off marriage ceremonies with it a few local partners when you look at the Shanghai, while 15% of marriage ceremonies had a couple local partners in Shenzhen. Obviously, some body tended to get married inside their hukou standing category in towns and cities. Both in metropolitan areas, marriages between a district partner and you will a beneficial migrant partner was basically much more likely than just marriage ceremonies anywhere between an excellent migrant partner and you can a local wife to happen (13% vs. 3% inside the Shanghai and you may 11% against. 4% within the Shenzhen). The fresh percentage of hukou area homogamy is comparable from the a couple urban centers. But really, you want to interpret the outcomes which have alerting, as the share off migrants differs in these a couple of metropolises. New relative size of migrants and residents brings architectural marital solutions for people to seek potential spouses and in the end ). Log-linear data lets us look at the degree of hukou homogamy, net of compositional outcomes, of the dealing with to have marginal distributions of hukou updates.
Table 1.
We very first expose the withdrawals off knowledge attainment having migrant husbands, regional husbands, migrant spouses, and you will regional wives inside the for each town, respectively, inside the Shape step 1 . Typically, migrants are faster experienced than just neighbors, irrespective of gender, in both Shanghai and you will Shenzhen. Certainly migrants, the male is most useful knowledgeable than women in both Shanghai and you can Shenzhen. However, one of locals, new gender pit inside the degree try sometimes quick otherwise reversed: regional men on average are merely a little finest knowledgeable than its feminine competitors from inside the Shenzhen, and you can regional feminine on average be a little more experienced than simply its male counterparts in the Shanghai. Log-linear patterns handle to your training inequalities anywhere between people and you can between locals and you can migrants to capture the fresh contacts anywhere between spouses’ education and you can between instructional and you can hukou locality assortative mating, web of the marginal distributions out-of spouses’ attributes.